The Effects of Blepharoptosis Surgery on Meibomian Gland, Tear Film, and Corneal Topography.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the Meibomian gland (MG), tear film, and corneal changes in the post-operative period following ptosis surgery using corneal topography. Methods: This non-comparative, case series study analyzed 30 eyes of 23 patients undergoing blepharoptosis surgery with an external approach. Ocular surface and tear film evaluation was performed at baseline and post-operative 3rd month. The corneal topography was used to assess the MG, the noninvasive tear film break-up time (NI-TBUT), K values, astigmatism, and corneal aberrations. For the examination of dry eyes, the I-TBUT, Schirmer, and ocular surface disease index (OSDI) questionnaires were also performed. Results: The study involved patients with a mean age of 55.1±18.11 years. Postoperatively, marginal reflex distance 1 is significantly increased (1.23±1.09 vs. 3.65±0.65; p=0.001). Results revealed no significant changes in Kmean (43.65±1.15 vs. 43.67±1.14; p=0.727), astigmatism (-1±0.74 vs. -0.99±0.68; p=0.910), and corrected distance visual acuity logMAR (0.09±0.1 vs. 0.07±0.11; p=0.497). There was a significant increase in MG loss area postoperatively (5.02±5.04-7.75±6.75; p=0.047), while the degree of MG loss did not significantly change (0.2±0.48 vs. 0.37±0.56; p=0.132). However, no significant differences were detected in Schirmer I test (17.4±4.7 vs. 16.1±5.5; p=0.711), I-TBUT (12.4±3.1 vs. 11.9±4.7; p=0.483), and OSDI questionnaire score (16.7±9.4 vs. 17.9±10.3; p=0.176) between baseline and post-operative measurements. Similarly, no significant changes were found in NI-TBUT (5.73±3.72 vs. 6.58 4.71; p=0.535) and NIAvg-TBUT (6.06±4.8 vs. 7.51±4.43; p=0.322) values. Conclusion: Surgical correction of blepharoptosis affects MG morphology without causing dry eye at the 3rd month. Post-operative corneal topography is useful in demonstrating changes in the MG.

Evaluation of retinal neurovascular structures by optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography angiography in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus without clinical sign of diabetic retinopathy.

BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to investigate whether retinal neurovascular structural impairment in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) without clinical signs of diabetic retinopathy (DR) could be detected early via optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA). METHODS: In the current prospective, cross-sectional, observational clinical study children and adolescents with T1D without DR were evaluated between December 2018 and May 2019. Retinal neurovascular structures in the macular and optic disc regions were examined in detail and quantitatively assessed using OCT and OCTA. Data from subjects with T1D were compared with data from healthy controls. Whether retinal neurovascular structural changes were significantly associated with puberty stage, diabetes duration, and HbA1c level was also investigated. RESULTS: The T1D group included 110 eyes and the control group included 84 eyes. In the T1D group the mean inside disc vessel density (VD) was significantly lower than that of the control group (p < 0.001), as was the mean superior temporal disc VD (p < 0.043). Puberty stage was significantly associated with retinal thickness, parafoveal superficial capillary plexus VD, and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (p < 0.05). Diabetes duration and HbA1c level was significantly correlated with retinal layer thickness, foveal avascular zone diameter, and superficial and deep capillary plexus VDs. CONCLUSION: In children and adolescents with T1D without clinical signs of DR, the VD of the disc region is affected earlier than the macular region. In these patients, early neurovascular impairment can be detected non-invasively via OCT and OCTA.

Prosthesis-socket volume imbalance and dermofat graft rehabilitation in patients with an anophthalmic socket / Os problemas causados pelo desequilíbrio do volume da cavidade da prótese, nos casos de cavidades anoftálmicas, e a sua reabilitação com o enxerto de dermofat

ABSTRACT Purposes: To identify problems caused by prosthesis-socket volume imbalances in anophthalmic sockets; and to evaluate rehabilitation with dermofat graft as a solution. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed medical records of patients operated in our clinic (between May 2011 and June 2016) with dermofat grafts to treat anophthalmic socket-related problems. During the preoperative examinations, ophthalmologists recorded the presence of eyelid problems due to the socket volume deficit, upper and lower fornix deficiency, deepening in the upper eyelid sulcus, epiphora and secretion, lower eyelid laxity, ptosis, entropion, and ectropion. Following the surgical repair, new prosthesis suitable for the resulting socket area were implemented for all the patients. The mean follow-up period was 27.42±16 months (ranging from 10-62 months). On the last control examinations, ophthalmologists recorded solved and unsolved socket problems that were present preoperatively. Results: We included 16 men and 5 women in this study. The mean age was 38.3 ± 18.4 years (range, 5-75 years). The mean duration of preoperative prosthesis use was 9.4 ± 6.8 years (range, 1-30 years). Preoperatively, 7 patients had only orbital volume deficits, and 14 had socket volume displacements in addition to the volume deficits. After the dermofat graft implantations, the remaining deficits were corrected during another surgical session: 6 patients underwent ptosis corrections, 5 lateral canthal suspensions, 5 lower fornix with mucosal graft formations, and 2 upper fornix formations with mucosal grafts. All patients were able to use prosthesis postoperatively. Conclusion: The use of dermofat grafts to correct anophthalmic socket problems caused by orbital volume deficits or volume displacements is an effective, reliable, and reproducible surgical method.

RESUMO Objetivos: Identificar os problemas causados pelo desequilíbrio do volume da cavidade da prótese em cavidades anoftálmicas, e avaliar a reabilitação com enxerto de dermofato como solução. Métodos: Revisamos retrospectivamente os prontuários de pacientes operados em nossa clínica (entre maio de 2011 e junho de 2016) com enxertos de dermofato para tratar problemas relacionados a cavidades anoftálmicas. Durante os exames pré-operatórios, os oftalmologistas registraram a presença de problemas palpebrais devido ao déficit de volume, deficiência de fórnice superior e inferior, aprofundamento no sulco palpebral superior, a epífora e secreção, flacidez palpebral inferior, ptose, entrópio e ectrópio. Após a cirurgia, novas próteses adequadas para a área de encaixe foram implementadas em todos os pacientes. O tempo médio de acompanhamento foi de 27,42 ± 16 meses (variando de 10 a 62 meses). Nos últimos exames de controle, os oftalmologistas registraram problemas corrigidos e não corrigidos da cavidade que estavam presentes no pré-operatório. Resultados: Foram incluídos 16 homens e 5 mulheres neste estudo. A média de idade foi de 38,3 ± 18,4 anos (variação de 5-75 anos). A duração média do uso de prótese pré-operatória foi de 9,4 ± 6,8 anos (variação de 1 a 30 anos). No pré-operatório, 7 pacientes apresentavam apenas déficit orbitais e 14 tinham desvios de volume, além dos déficits de volume. Após os implantes de enxerto de dermoadipação, os déficits remanescentes foram corrigidos durante outra sessão cirúrgica: 6 pacientes foram submetidos a correção de ptose, 5 suspensões de cantal lateral, 5 fórnix inferior com enxerto de mucosa e 2 formações de fórnice superior com enxerto de mucosa. Todos os pacientes foram capazes de usar prótese no pós-operatório. Conclusão: A utilização de enxertos de dermofato para corrigir problemas de anoftalmia causados por déficits de volume orbital ou deslocamento de volume é um método cirúrgico eficaz, confiável e reprodutível.

Prosthesis-socket volume imbalance and dermofat graft rehabilitation in patients with an anophthalmic socket.

PURPOSES: To identify problems caused by prosthesis-socket volume imbalances in anophthalmic sockets; and to evaluate rehabilitation with dermofat graft as a solution. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed medical records of patients operated in our clinic (between May 2011 and June 2016) with dermofat grafts to treat anophthalmic socket-related problems. During the preoperative examinations, ophthalmologists recorded the presence of eyelid problems due to the socket volume deficit, upper and lower fornix deficiency, deepening in the upper eyelid sulcus, epiphora and secretion, lower eyelid laxity, ptosis, entropion, and ectropion. Following the surgical repair, new prosthesis suitable for the resulting socket area were implemented for all the patients. The mean follow-up period was 27.42±16 months (ranging from 10-62 months). On the last control examinations, ophthalmologists recorded solved and unsolved socket problems that were present preoperatively. RESULTS: We included 16 men and 5 women in this study. The mean age was 38.3 ± 18.4 years (range, 5-75 years). The mean duration of preoperative prosthesis use was 9.4 ± 6.8 years (range, 1-30 years). Preoperatively, 7 patients had only orbital volume deficits, and 14 had socket volume displacements in addition to the volume deficits. After the dermofat graft implantations, the remaining deficits were corrected during another surgical session: 6 patients underwent ptosis corrections, 5 lateral canthal suspensions, 5 lower fornix with mucosal graft formations, and 2 upper fornix formations with mucosal grafts. All patients were able to use prosthesis postoperatively. CONCLUSION: The use of dermofat grafts to correct anophthalmic socket problems caused by orbital volume deficits or volume displacements is an effective, reliable, and reproducible surgical method.

The Effect of Two Different Frontalis Sling Approaches on Postoperative Eyelid Contour: A Comparative Study.

PURPOSE: To compare two different frontalis sling approaches, tarsal fixation and orbicular muscle fixation, using silicone rod (FCI Ophthalmics, Marshfield Hills, MA, USA) in terms of postoperative upper eyelid contour in patients with poor levator muscle function. DESIGN: Retrospective, comparative, case series. METHODS: Ten eyes of seven patients who received frontalis sling surgery with orbicularis muscle fixation (group 1), eight eyes of seven patients who received frontalis sling surgery with tarsal fixation (group 2) and 30 eyes of 15 age and sex-matched healthy controls (control group) were included. Postoperative photographs of all the participants were taken in the primary gaze, and each photograph was viewed on a computer. The distance between the upper lid margin and pupillary center (MCD), nasal limbus (MND), and temporal limbus (MTD) was measured, respectively, using the ruler in Microsoft Paint Software and compared with each other for each participant. RESULTS: Both nasal, central and temporal margin distance values in group 1 and group 2 were significantly lower than those of the control group (p < 0.05 for all values). The ratio of MTD/MCD in the control group was significantly higher than group 1 (p = 0.04) besides the ratio of MND/MTD in the control group was significantly lower than group 1 (p = 0.01). DISCUSSION: Frontalis sling approach with tarsal fixation using silicone rod might provide improved cosmetic results including more symmetrical upper eyelid contour compared with orbicularis muscle fixation approach. Moreover, the novel measuring technique presented in the current study provides a simple and effective assessment of the upper lid contour in daily practice setting. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.

Relationship between progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus and olfactory function.

OBJECTIVES: In the literature, diabetes mellitus was mentioned as one of the etiologic factors of olfactory disorder. However, association between olfactory dysfunction and complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus is unclear. The aim of this study was to determine if there is any correlation between olfactory dysfunction and complications of diabetes mellitus. METHODS: The study population included eighty-five (85) patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (56 females and 29 males, mean age 55.4 ± 9.4 years). The routine laboratory and ophthalmoscope examinations were used in the study. The Connecticut Chemosensory Clinical Research Center odor test was performed to all patients. Patients were grouped (normal, anosmia, mild hyposmia, moderate hyposmia, severe hyposmia) in respect to olfactory function. RESULT: Distribution of the patients was 34.1% male (29) and 65.9% female (56). Mean Hemoglobin A1c value was 9.0 ± 2.7. The distribution of complications was 38.8% nephropathy, 25.9% retinopathy, 24.7% microalbuminuria. In Odor Test classification, statistically significant difference was not detected in nephropathy, retinopathy and microalbuminuria ratios (p = 0.523, p = 0.057, p = 0.993). CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed that in odor test classification, statistically significant difference was not detected between the patients with complications (nephropathy, retinopathy, and microalbuminuria) and the patients without complications.

Evaluation of 1-year follow-up results of macular telangiectasia type 2 cases by optical coherence tomography angiography.

The results of 1-year follow-up with optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) of 3 patients with macular telangiectasia type 2 (MacTel 2) were evaluated. The 3X3 mm OCTA imaging was performed in January 2017 and February 2018. The superficial and deep capillary plexus vascular density changes of the whole area, the parafoveal temporal and parafoveal nasal areas were examined. The mean whole, parafoveal temporal, and parafoveal nasal vessel densities at superficial capillary plexus were 51.31, 50.39, 54.57 at baseline and 49.93, 46.79, 51.83 at 1-year follow-up, respectively. The mean whole, parafoveal temporal and parafoveal nasal vessel densities at deep capillary plexus were 59.06, 59.05, 63.39 at baseline and 52.18, 54.68, 57.9 at 1-year follow-up, respectively. In this case series, it was shown quantitatively that vessel densities of MacTel2 patients markedly decreased over time, more pronounced in the deep capillary plexus.

Evaluation of Treatment Models in the Treatment of Retinopathy of Prematurity.

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to evaluate the treatment modalities applied for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and to determine the efficacy and results of treatment modalities. METHODS: Premature babies, who needed treatment for ROP and followed-up in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of our hospital or external centers, were retrospectively evaluated between January 2012 and January 2017. According to the criteria determined by the International ROP committee, the zones and stages of the cases were recorded. In this study, patients were evaluated in three groups. Group 1: plus disease with any stage in zone 1, group 2: plus disease in zone 2, together with stage 2 or 3, group 3: classified as aggressive posterior retinopathy (APROP). The birth weight, gestational age, treatment weeks and treatments that were administered were recorded. Regression in plus disease, macular dragging and retinal detachment did not develop were evaluated as successful treatment. RESULTS: 1746 preterm babies were examined. 65 (3.7%) preterm babies were included in this study, 31 female and 34 male. 126 eyes of preterm babies were intervened. The mean birth weight was 1159 (535-2200) grams, and the mean gestational age was 28.4±2.5 (24-34) weeks. Group 1 had 33 eyes (26.1%), group 2 had 71 eyes (56.3%), and group 3 had 22 eyes (17.4%). 94 eyes (74.6%) were treated once, 26 eyes (20.6%) were treated twice, 6 eyes (4.8%) received treatment three times. The first treatment was applied at 36±2.4 (32-41) weeks. The first treatment was performed with intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) in 75.8% of group 1 and 95.5% of group 3, and with diode laser photocoagulation (LPC) in 78.9% of group 2. There was a significant correlation between birth week and birth weight and first treatment week. Re-treatment was applied to 32,8% in LPC group and 19.2% in the IVB group due to recurrence. 5 eyes which were applied LPC+IVB did not need any re-treatment. Stage 4a retinal detachment developed in both eyes of 1 patient from group 1. Macular traction was developed in 2 eyes of 1 patient in group 2. After the treatments, success in 122 eyes (96.8%) was obtained. CONCLUSION: ROP can be controlled by convenient and effective treatment. Although conventional LPC is still the first treatment option for ROP, IVB alone or combination with LPC is a highly effective treatment option for zone 1 disease and APROP. IVB reduces the number of ROP treatments.

Peripapillary choroidal thickness in contralateral eyes after evisceration of diseased eyes / Espessura coroide peripapilar de olhos contralaterais após evisceração do olho doente

ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate peripapillary choroidal thickness changes in contralateral eyes of patients who had undergone evisceration of their diseased eyes. Methods: In this retrospective study, peripapillary choroidal thickness parameters in 34 eyes of 34 patients who had undergone diseased-eye evisceration between March 2014 and May 2016 were evaluated using spectral domain optical coherence tomography. The scans were manually delineated to identify the principal surfaces of Bruch's membrane, the Bruch's membrane opening, and the anterior sclera. Peripapillary choroidal thickness was measured between the Bruch's membrane and the anterior sclera at increasing distance away from the Bruch's membrane opening. The mean peripapillary choroidal thickness values in the contralateral eyes of the patients and those of the control group were compared. Results: The mean peripapillary choroidal thickness was higher in the contralateral eyes of the patients compared with that of normal eyes at all distances from the Bruch's membrane opening. Conclusion: Increased peripapillary choroidal thickness was noted in the contralateral eyes of the patients, potentially resulting in a thicker choroid. Although further investigation is required to determine the cause, these findings indicate the presence of a compensatory factor in the contralateral eyes.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar as alterações da espessura coroide peripapilar em olhos contralaterais de pacientes submetidos à evisceração do olho doente. Métodos: Neste estudo retrospectivo, parâmetros da espessura coróide peripapilar de 34 olhos de 34 pacientes submetidos à evisceração, entre março de 2014 e maio de 2016, foram avaliados com tomografia de coerência óptica de domínio espectral. As varreduras foram manualmente delineadas para identificar as principais superfícies da membrana de Bruch, a abertura da membrana de Bruch e a esclera anterior. A espessura coroide peripapilar foi medida entre a membrana de Bruch e a esclera anterior a uma distância crescente da abertura da membrana de Bruch. Compararam-se os valores médios da espessura coroide peripapilar dos olhos contralaterais dos pacientes e do grupo controle. Resultados: A espessura coroide peripapilar média foi mais espessa nos olhos contralaterais dos pacientes, quando comparada com os olhos normais, em todas as distâncias da abertura da membrana de Bruch. Conclusão: O aumento da espessura coroide peripapilar foi notado nos olhos contralaterais dos pacientes. O espessamento da coroide pode ser resultante do distúrbio. Embora seja necessária uma investigação mais aprofundada para determinar a causalidade, esses achados podem apontar para um fator compensatório dos olhos contralaterais.

Peripapillary choroidal thickness in contralateral eyes after evisceration of diseased eyes.

PURPOSE: To evaluate peripapillary choroidal thickness changes in contralateral eyes of patients who had undergone evisceration of their diseased eyes. METHODS: In this retrospective study, peripapillary choroidal thickness parameters in 34 eyes of 34 patients who had undergone diseased-eye evisceration between March 2014 and May 2016 were evaluated using spectral domain optical coherence tomography. The scans were manually delineated to identify the principal surfaces of Bruch's membrane, the Bruch's membrane opening, and the anterior sclera. Peripapillary choroidal thickness was measured between the Bruch's membrane and the anterior sclera at increasing distance away from the Bruch's membrane opening. The mean peripapillary choroidal thickness values in the contralateral eyes of the patients and those of the control group were compared. RESULTS: The mean peripapillary choroidal thickness was higher in the contralateral eyes of the patients compared with that of normal eyes at all distances from the Bruch's membrane opening. CONCLUSION: Increased peripapillary choroidal thickness was noted in the contralateral eyes of the patients, potentially resulting in a thicker choroid. Although further investigation is required to determine the cause, these findings indicate the presence of a compensatory factor in the contralateral eyes.

Anterior tarsal flap rotation combined with anterior lamellar reposition in the repair of cicatricial upper eyelid entropion.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to share the results of patients who underwent anterior tarsal flap rotation combined with anterior lamellar reposition because of cicatricial upper eyelid entropion, and to determine the effectiveness and reliability of this surgical technique. METHODS: Fifteen eyes of 11 patients (2 right eyes; 5 left eyes; and 4 bilateral eyes) on whom we performed anterior tarsal flap rotation surgery combined with anterior lamellar reposition because of cicatricial entropion were included in this study. The medical records of the patients were analyzed retrospectively, and the causes of cicatricial entropion as well as the preoperative and postoperative ophthalmic examination findings were recorded. Normal anatomical appearance and function of eyelid were considered to have been achieved. RESULTS: The mean age was 59.81 ± 18 years. The mean follow-up period was 21.72 ± 14 months (range, 5-43 months). The causes of cicatricial entropion were postoperative cicatrices development due to multiple electrolyzes for trichiasis and/or distichiasis in 7 eyes, trachoma in 6 eyes, and trauma in 2 eyes. Irritation and watering were detected in all patients preoperatively, whereas corneal opacity and erosion were detected in 10 patients and epithelial erosion was detected in one patient. Full anatomical and functional success was achieved for all patients. CONCLUSION: Anterior tarsal flap rotation combined with anterior lamellar reposition in the repair of cicatricial entropion was found to be an effective and reliable alternative surgical procedure.

Multimodal Imaging Including Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography of a Patient With Argus II Retinal Prosthesis One Year After Implantation.

A 58-year-old man with end-stage retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and visual acuity of light perception in both eyes received simultaneous phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation and implantation of the Argus II Retinal Prosthesis System (Second Sight Medical Products, Sylmar, CA) to his right eye 1 year ago. He accomplished the fitting and rehabilitation sessions, and no extraocular or intraocular complications were encountered perioperatively, postoperatively, or during the follow-up. The patient used the prosthesis actively for 2.5 to 3 hours per day. In this report, the authors compare the multimodal imaging findings including optical coherence tomography angiography of the chronic electrically stimulated retinal prosthesis implanted eye with the fellow eye. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2018;49:55-59.].

Anterior tarsal flap rotation combined with anterior lamellar reposition in the repair of cicatricial upper eyelid entropion / Rotação anterior de retalho tarsal combinada com reposição laminar anterior no reparo do entrópio cicatricial das pálpebras superiores

ABSTRACT Purpose: This study aimed to share the results of patients who underwent anterior tarsal flap rotation combined with anterior lamellar reposition because of cicatricial upper eyelid entropion, and to determine the effectiveness and reliability of this surgical technique. Methods: Fifteen eyes of 11 patients (2 right eyes; 5 left eyes; and 4 bilateral eyes) on whom we performed anterior tarsal flap rotation surgery combined with anterior lamellar reposition because of cicatricial entropion were included in this study. The medical records of the patients were analyzed retrospectively, and the causes of cicatricial entropion as well as the preoperative and postoperative ophthalmic examination findings were recorded. Normal anatomical appearance and function of eyelid were considered to have been achieved. Results: The mean age was 59.81 ± 18 years. The mean follow-up period was 21.72 ± 14 months (range, 5-43 months). The causes of cicatricial entropion were postoperative cicatrices development due to multiple electrolyzes for trichiasis and/or distichiasis in 7 eyes, trachoma in 6 eyes, and trauma in 2 eyes. Irritation and watering were detected in all patients preoperatively, whereas corneal opacity and erosion were detected in 10 patients and epithelial erosion was detected in one patient. Full anatomical and functional success was achieved for all patients. Conclusion: Anterior tarsal flap rotation combined with anterior lamellar reposition in the repair of cicatricial entropion was found to be an effective and reliable alternative surgical procedure.

RESUMO Objetivo: Compartilhar os resultados dos pacientes submetidos à rotação de retalho tarsal anterior, combinados com a reposição lamelar anterior devido à entrópio cicatricial da pálpebra superior e determinar a eficácia e a confiabilidade desta técnica cirúrgica. Métodos: Foram incluídos neste estudo quinze olhos de 11 pacientes em quem realizamos cirurgia de rotação de retalho tarsal anterior combinada com reposição lamelar anterior devido ao entrópio cicatricial. Os registros médicos dos pacientes foram analisados retrospectivamente e as causas da entrópio cicatricial, bem como os achados do exame oftalmológico pré-operatório e pós-operatório foram registrados. A integridade anatômica e funcional da pálpebra foi considerada como sucesso cirúrgico. Resultados: A idade média foi de 59,81 ± 18 anos. O período médio de seguimento foi de 21,72 ± 14 meses (intervalo 5-43 meses). As causas da entrópio cicatricial foram o desenvolvimento de cicatrizes pós-operatórias devido a eletrólises múltiplas para triquíase e/ou distiquiase em 7 olhos, tracoma em 6 olhos e trauma em 2 olhos. Todos os pacientes foram tiveram irritação e lacrimejamento pré-operatório, enquanto que 10 pacientes apresentavam opacidade e erosão da córnea e 1 paciente apresentava apenas erosão epitelial. O sucesso total anatômico e funcional foi alcançado em todos os casos. Conclusão: A rotação do retalho tarsal anterior combinada com a reposição lamelar anterior no reparo da entrópio cicatricial é um procedimento cirúrgico alternativo efetivo e confiável.

Anterior orbital leiomyoma originating from the supraorbital neurovascular bundle.

PURPOSE: To present a young female patient with left anterior orbital leiomyoma that originates from the supraorbital neurovascular bundle. CASE PRESENTATION: A 41-year-old female patient was admitted to our clinic with a complaint of swelling of the left upper eyelid. Based on the ophthalmological and imaging assessments, the excisional biopsy with the preliminary diagnosis of dermoid cyst was planned. The histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations of excised sample revealed surprisingly that the tumour was a leiomyoma. No recurrence was detected in the patient's follow-up. CONCLUSION: Although it is rare, orbital leiomyoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with orbital tumour.